ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL TO GET HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

PreliminaryEnvironmental sustainability is very important for healthy survival on planet earth. But in fact, many people who do not understand this. The proof of this they are destroying the earth. As a result of actions irresponsible person who has a lot of us feel like floods, droughts, landslides, etc. pemcemaran. This condition is caused by the destruction of the forest or open space Green (RTH) as a store of water in the soil. The destruction of forests also resulted in the production of reduced oxygen and toxic gases are absorbed at least as well as the least dust captured by the plants.This condition can be restored by improving and conserving the forest and make the green in the environment around us both in the settlements, streets, parks, etc., so that the green open space (green space) can be optimized. For a minimum requirement the green open spaces as much as 30%. Green open space is useful as an air filter, clean environment, oxygen supply, recreation, reforestation, ecosystem balance, retaining dust, lowering the ambient temperature and so on. In Malaysia and China's green open spaces each about 37% and 35%. Even in Japan, 60% of the area of ​​green open space.
            A. Environmental Control Strategies
            The main objective is to build the city clean and green (clean and green city). Therefore, environmental control strategies in order to achieve Healthy Environment should be directed to the achievement of clean and green city. So there are two strategies that must be done by the city or county, namely: 1) manage the waste generated; 2) manage the green space.A. 1. Managing Waste
            In general, most of the waste produced in Indonesia (TPA) is for 60-70% of organic waste which easily decompose. Organic waste will decompose and the presence of leachate formed rainwater runoff (water waste) that will contaminate water resources both surface and ground water that may have wells contaminated surrounding population participated. Leachate that is formed can contain pathogenic germs such as typhoid, hepatitis and others. In addition there is the possibility of leachate containing heavy metals, a one toxic ingredient. If the waste is not processed, then in addition to generating high levels of pollution which also require extensive areas of the landfill.
       
A. 1.1. Waste due to the overlapping
            Urban waste is solid waste that is composed of organic and inorganic materials that are considered no longer useful and should be managed so as not to endanger the environment and protects the development investments, which arise in the city.1. Environment becomes visible shabby, dirty and nasty as the place to the development of pathogenic organisms that are harmful to human health, is a nest of flies, rodents and other wild animals. Thus the potential waste as a source of spread of the disease.2. Rotting rubbish causing the unpleasant smell and harmful to health. Water released (leachate) can also cause pollution of wells, rivers and groundwater.3. Trash is spilling out of place can clog drainage channels so that it can cause flooding.4. Large amounts of garbage collection requires a vast place, closed and away from settlements.Based on the description of waste management is not enough just to do with 3P management (collection, transport and landfill at the landfill). Rubbish is collected from the source and then transported to the polls and the last dumped in landfill, but the reduction of waste by processing the waste to dimanfaatlkan into useful products should be considered.
            Factors that influence the management of municipal waste systems, among others:1) The density and distribution of the population.2) The physical characteristics and socio-economic environment.3) Characteristics of waste.4) Cultural attitudes and behavior.5) Distance from waste source to final waste disposal sites (landfill).6) Plan of spatial and urban development.7) Means collection, transportation, processing and landfill.
      Costs are available.9) Regulation of the local area.

A. 1. 2. Waste Management Paradigm
          To overcome these problems, it's time to change the mindset of local government a more nuanced environment. The concept of integrated waste management's time is applied, ie by minimizing waste and maximizing recycling and composting with landfill is environmentally friendly. The new paradigm of waste management is a cycle that is more in line with the concept of ecology. New energy generated from the decomposition of waste and the recycling process can be utilized optimally.Integrated Waste Management System combines the least waste source reduction approaches, recycling & re-use, composting, incineration and final disposal. industrial waste source reduction to mean the necessity of technological processes and packing products nirlimbah compact / minimal and environmentally friendly. As for households meant to inculcate the habit of not wasteful in the use of everyday items. For the approach to recycling and re-applied, especially on non-organic waste such as paper, plastic, aluminum, glass, metals and others. As for the organic waste is processed, one with composting.A. 1. 3. Benefits of Waste
            Which seem useless junk sebesarnya still a lot of benefits such as can be made biogas, briquettes, animal feed, compost, fertilizer, and can be recycled for inorganic waste.
            In garbage and filth of the river found bacteria that can produce vitamin B12 which samajenisnya with vitamin B12 produced by animals. The most active can fermenting garbage and filth of the river so that the resulting vitamin B12 are bacteria belonging to Streptomyces. Levels of vitamin B12 in the garbage and filth of the river ranged from 4.2 to 8.2 mg for every one gram of dry weight. An estimated 26,000 tons of trash and debris will be generated 465 rivers of vitamin B12. Provision of garbage and filth of the river by 2% in cattle, was able to increase the weight of livestock. Trash and debris streams containing 40-85% organic compounds, minerals 15-70%, 10-10% nitrogen, phosphate and potassium from 1 to 4.5% from 0.1 to 4.5%. Household waste, restaurant waste, paper, manure, agricultural waste and industrial organic wastes can all be used as animal feed.
            With the processing of waste into useful materials that will provide benefits in addition to increasing production efficiency and economic benefits for waste processing, can also reduce costs to pembungan pengangkutkan end (TPA) and reduce disposal costs, conserve natural resources, save energy, reduce the money spending, saving landfill and beautiful environment (clean, healthy, comfortable).

A. 1. 4. Waste Handling 3-R, 4-R and 5-R
            Thought the concept of zero waste is the approach and implementation of systems and urban waste processing technologies in an integrated regional scale with the target for waste handling scale urban areas so as to reduce the volume of waste as little as possible, as well as the creation of small industrial recycling is managed by communities or local governments.The concept of zero waste is the application of rinsip 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), and the principle of processing as close as possible to the source of waste with a view to reducing the burden of transport (transport cost). Orientation to the concept of zero waste handling waste among others include:1. Integrated waste management system2. Composting technology3. Recycling paper and plastic waste4. Waste combustion technology and insenator5. The technology of processing organic waste into animal feed6. Technology landfills (landfill) waste7. Public participation in waste handling8. Metropolitan sewage treatment9. Opportunities and challenges of recycling efforts.
A. 1. 5. Sorting Trash
            Based on the description of the 3-R, 4-R or 5-R, then the sorting of waste to be very important. Is not efficient if the sorting done at the landfill, because it would require an expensive infrastructure. Therefore, the sorting must be done at the source of waste such as housing, schools, offices, health centers, hospitals, markets, terminals and other places where human activity. Why need sorting? Indeed the key to successful recycling program is just in the initial sorting. Sorting means an attempt to separate a set of "things" that are heterogeneous by type or group so that it becomes few groups that are homogeneous. Sorting Waste Management can be defined as a process waste handling activities from the source by utilizing the effective use of resources that begins from pewadahan, pengumpulanan, transportation, processing, up to disposal, through the control of environmentally sound management of the organization, so as to achieve the goals or objectives has been set free yaitu.lingkungan garbage.
            At each place of activity can be provided four coded bins, one for trash bins that can be decomposed by microbes (organic waste), one for plastic waste bins or similar, single bins for cans, and one trash to bottle. In fact it could be into five bins, if the paper is divided in itself. For the B3 waste would require separate treatment. Waste of this type should not be up to the landfill. While electronic waste (such as refrigerators, radios, TV), ceramics, furniture, etc.. dealt with separately as well. Transporting waste this kind of schedule should be regulated, for example waste disposal is determined every three months.In Australia, for example, waste management system also apply the model the distinction between organic and inorganic waste. Each household has three trash bins for the three different types of waste. One is for dry waste (inorganic), one for ex-food, and another for the remains of plants / grass. The three types of waste will be transported by three different trucks have different schedules. Each truck will only take the type of waste that was his job. So that waste segregation does not stop at the household level, but continued into the next chain, even to the landfill.
            Well, the garbage that has been separated is then be recycled into useful items. If at any place to do sorting activities, then the transport of waste becomes more regular. Sanitation department to transport live every day and no more trouble to sort them. Local Government in collaboration with the private sector can process the waste into useful items. In this way, then the volume of waste to landfill can be reduced as much as possible.A. 1. 6. Utilization of waste
            Processing techniques and processing of waste that is widely applied in the field, particularly in industrialized countries include:- Waste segregation, either manually or mechanically by
   its kind- Compaction of waste (propeller)- Cutting waste- Composting waste either by conventional means or with
   engineering- Processing of waste as a source of bio-gas- Combustion in the incinerator, with a choice of heat energy utilizationWet waste can be composted, manure and fodder, dry waste can be reused and recycled, and recycled waste paper and fodder.Recycling
            Recycling is one of the solid waste management strategy which consists of the activities of sorting, collecting, processing, distribution and manufacture of products used.
            Materials that can be recycled include container bottles of soy sauce, ketchup, syrup, creamer, etc.., Paper, aluminum used beverage containers, used packaging cakes, etc.., Scrap metal, plastic containers used shampoo, mineral water, jerry cans, buckets, etc.. , wet garbage can be processed into compost.
 Recycling can use the principle of 2 R is reuse and recycle.Reuse: the goods that are considered waste because of the nature and characteristics can be recovered without going through the production process. While the recycling of waste recycled to be used as industrial raw materials in the production process. In this process, waste has experienced changes in both form and function. Organic waste can be recycled into useful products such as compost, manure, briquettes and biogas.
 B. Recommended Program1. Socialization sorting and utilization of waste in a sustainable society.2. Runah scale organic waste processing steps.3. Recycling of inorganic waste that is not sold.4. Socialization of green open space in the community.5. Build community participation in creating a clean and green city (clean and green city).6. Race clean and green village.7. Making regulation of the City Clean and Green (beluam if any).8. The application law consistently.9. Structuring RTH City.10. Monitoring and evaluation are ongoing Clean and Green City on an ongoing basis (at least 3 times / year), or prapantau Adipura (at least 3 times per year).C. Cover
            Based on the above it is to control the environment associated are:1) manage waste through an integrated management system in order to obtain zero waste;2) manage the green open space (RTH) in the city;3) create a culture of environmental awareness, starting from a small, self-start and start now.